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Glass
Forming
Bottle forming
Mathematical modeling is used in the field of product packaging
in order to reduce bottle weight for the most commonly used beverages,
while at the same time ensuring and even improving their strength.
The impact of reducing the weight or changing the shape of a bottle
on its stress field and therefore its strength can be predicted
by simulating the behavior of a bottle in conditions of use (internal
pressure, vertical and lateral crushing, heat or mechanical shock,
etc.).
Simulation of the forming processes themselves is intended to optimize
the shape of the blank and the forming conditions (temperatures
of the glass and the tools, machine cycles, etc.) so that the best
thickness for optimum mechanical strength is achieved. It also helps
to study the reliability of new forming processes or variants of
existing processes.
Glass Forming
Appearance is a determinant factor in the success of any new
car model. As a result, car manufacturers are constantly seeking
enhancements for the glazed components of their models, not only
in terms of complexity of shape, but also and above all in optical
quality and geometric tolerances, which must be within one millimeter.
These factors constitute a powerful driving force behind progress
into the control and numerical simulation of glass forming processes
applied to tempered or laminated glass. Engineers must take into
account all the complexity of the thermo-mechanical behavior of
glass: semi-transparency under infra-red light, coupled conduction
and radiative heat transfer, viscoelasticity, structural relaxation
at the glazing transition zone, and so on.
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